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What Is Employees Provident Fund (EPF) The Employees Provident Fund (EPF) is a social security organization established in accordance with the laws of Malaysia, specifically the Employees Provident Fund Act 1991 (Act 452). It offers retirement benefits to its members through the efficient and dependable management of its members’ savings. Employers may easily fulfil their legal and ethical commitments to their workforce via the EPF. A contribution is the sum of money credited to a member’s personal EPF account. The sum using an employee’s monthly pay. Contribution amount follow group of range salary set by EPF. For workers whose earnings or salaries are less than RM5,000, rate of contribution is 11% of their monthly compensation, while the employer’s share is 13%. The individual contribution remains at 11% and the company contribution is 12% for those whose wages/salaries exceed RM5,000. The contribution rate might vary according to Malaysian politics, more details may refer to https://www.kwsp.gov.my/documents/20126/140690/Jadual+Ketiga+BI.pdf. Persons Obligated to Contribute Employees Provident Fund (EPF) Employers are required to make EPF payment on behalf of their staff in regardless staff under a contract of service or apprenticeship, with the exception of the individuals listed in the 1st Schedule of the EPF Act 1991, which includes: Part-time, temporary, and probationary employees. Directors who receive wages from the company. Employees who are continuing working up to the age of 75, regardless of whether they have or have not taken a full or partial retirement after turning 55 or 60. Employees who work for employers other than the federal, state, or any statutory bodies or local authorities and who have taken their savings under the Pensionable Employees and Optional Retirement Withdrawal Act. Employees who previously completed a full withdrawal under the Incapacitation Withdrawal, recovered thereafter and were hired again in any capacity. Minimum Age: Employment age is subject to Children and Young Persons (Employment) Act 1966. Maximum Age: 75 years   Salary/Wages Required To Contribute Employees Provident Fund (EPF) Whether it was agreed to be paid on a monthly, weekly, daily, or other basis. Payments due to an employee under the contract of employment or apprenticeship. List below payment to employee eligible for EPF contribution: Salary Payment for unutilized annual or medical leave Bonus Allowance Commission Incentive Arrears of wages Wages for maternity leave Wages for study leave Wages for half day leave Other payments under services contract or otherwise List below payment to employee not subject to EPF contribution: Service charges Overtime payment Gratuity Retirement benefits Retrenchment, temporary and lay-off termination benefits Any travelling allowance or the value of any travelling concession Payment in lieu of notice of termination of employment Director’s fee

什么是CP58？   CP 58 表格不是报税表格。 是一份损益表，显示代理商、经销商、分销商的奖励、津贴、奖金等收入，类似于员工收到的EA表格。 根据 1967 年所得税法第 83A(1) 条，自 2012 年 1 月 1 日起，各公司必须在 2012 年 3 月 31 日之前准备并向其代理、经销商和分销商（以下简称代理）提供 CP 58 表格。 每年按照 LHDN 要求的格式。   谁需要提交 CP58 表格？ 马来西亚内陆税收局（IRBM）规定，如果公司在历年内向代理人支付超过 RM5,000 的现金或非金钱奖励，他们必须为每个代理人准备 CP58 表格。 这些表格不必提交给税务局，但如果税务局要求提供有关已支付奖励的所有信息，公司必须提供所有奖励支付信息，包括价值低于 RM5,000 的奖励。   哪些奖励必须申报？ 代理商为实现业绩而支付的报酬主要分为两类：现金奖励和非现金奖励。 现金奖励包括基本津贴、佣金或奖金。 如果公司向代理人提供现金奖励，则必须在 CP 58 表格中报告实际支付的金额。 物质性非现金奖励包括奖励、旅游套餐、门票住宿、汽车、房子等。 对于非现金奖励，公司必须根据实际成本准备 CP 58 表格。   哪些奖励不用申报？ 公司提供的贸易折扣和批量折扣 代理合同中未列明的促销品或赠品 给予公开邀请的奖励，以鼓励公众或客户介绍更多客户 向独立代理人提供特别折扣率 分包付款 手续费 信用返还 不以表现为基础的免费物品，例如雨伞、钢笔和日历   提供 CP 58 表格的截止日期是什么时候？ CP 58 表格应在不迟于支付上述奖励的下一年的 3 月 31 日之前提供给代理商、经销商或分销商。

Apakah perjanjian pemegang saham? Perjanjian pemegang saham ialah kontrak yang menentukan cara syarikat harus dijalankan dan membentangkan hak dan tanggungjawab pemegang saham dalam firma tertentu itu. Adakah ia mesti mempunyai perjanjian pemegang saham? Tidak. Tetapi mempunyai satu adalah berfaedah, terutamanya jika sebuah syarikat mempunyai beberapa pemegang saham. Ini akan menjamin bahawa hak setiap orang dinyatakan dengan jelas untuk mengelakkan sebarang salah faham yang akhirnya boleh mengakibatkan perselisihan faham di kalangan pemegang saham firma. Kepentingan mempunyai perjanjian pemegang saham Mempunyai keupayaan untuk melihat rekod kewangan syarikat. Daripada membuat pertimbangan secara tiba-tiba yang boleh memudaratkan perniagaan, ini membolehkan para pemegang saham membuat keputusan terpelajar mengenai perkara korporat. Hak untuk mengundi. Hak mengundi tersedia untuk semua pemegang saham. Pastikan pemilikan saham ditadbir dengan betul oleh saham tersebut. Itu mengatur cara perniagaan beroperasi   Apakah akibat jika syarikat tidak mempunyai perjanjian pemegang saham? Tanpa perjanjian pemegang saham, yang menetapkan hubungan antara pemegang saham, kedua-dua pemegang saham dan firma terdedah kepada potensi pertikaian masa depan. Tanpa kejelasan perjanjian, jika perselisihan timbul dan pemegang saham tidak dapat mencapai penyelesaian, senario buntu mungkin berkembang kerana tiada pemegang saham mempunyai kuasa ke atas perniagaan. Ini jelas akan menjadi isu, terutamanya jika salah seorang pemegang saham berkelakuan tidak munasabah atau orang yang memulakan hujah kerana mereka bertindak tidak wajar.

What is CP58 ?   CP 58 form is not a tax filing form. It is an income statement that shows the income of incentives, allowances, bonuses, etc. for agents, dealers and distributors, similar to the EA form received by employee. Pursuant to Section 83A(1) of the Income Tax Act of 1967, as of January 1, 2012, each company must prepare and provide the CP 58 form to its agents, dealers and distributors (hereinafter referred to as agents) by March 31 of each year in accordance with the format required by LHDN.   Who are required to file CP58 form? The Inland Revenue Board of Malaysia (IRBM) stipulates that if the company pays more than RM5,000 in cash or non-monetary incentives to the agent during the calendar year, they must prepare the CP58 form for each agent. These forms do not have to be submitted to the tax office, but if the tax office requires all information on the rewards paid, the company must provide all incentive payment information, including awards worth less than RM5,000.   What rewards must be reported? The agent’s reward payments for achieving performance are mainly divided into two categories: cash reward & non-cash incentives. Cash Reward includes basic allowances, commissions, or bonuses. If the company provides cash incentives to the agent, it must report the actual amount paid in the CP 58 form. Material non-cash incentives includes incentives, tour packages, tickets accommodation, car, house and so on. For non-cash rewards, the company must prepare the CP 58 form based on the actual cost.   Which rewards do not have to be reported? Trade discounts and bulk discounts provided by the company Promotional items or gifts which are not stated in the agency contract Incentives given for an open invitation to encourage the public or customers to introduce more customers Provide special discount rates to independent agents Subcontract payment Handling fee Credit rebate Free items that are not based on performance, such as umbrellas, pens, and calendars   When is the due date to provide CP 58 form? The Form CP 58 shall be provided to the agent, dealer, or distributor not later than 31 March in the year immediately following the year in which the incentives mentioned above are paid.

什么是股东协议？ 股东协议是一份拥有法律效应的合同，规定了公司的运作，并明确了该特定公司股东的权利和责任。 是否必须拥有股东协议? 在马来西亚，是否得拥有股东协议并不是法律上的要求，但建议公司制定一份股东协议，以保护所有股东的利益，并确保公司的顺利运营。此外，拥有股东协议可以更容易吸引潜在投资者，因为它表明公司拥有清晰和有组织的结构。 拥有股东协议的重要性 股东有能力审查公司的财务记录，因此股东可以在企业事务上做出明智的决策，而不是凭空做出可能对企业有害的判断。 股东投票权的透明度。 确保股份的所有权得到适当的管理。 安排业务的运作方式。   为什么公司需要股东协议？ 提供股份转让的规定。 保护多数股东和少数股东的权益。 提供红利政策。 明确所有权和控制权。 设定决策程序。 管理红利和分配。   如果一家公司没有股东协议会有什么后果？ 股东和公司都会面临未来的潜在纠纷。 缺乏协议可能导致僵局情况，导致股东无法解决分歧。 如果其中一位股东表现不合理，或者是其不当行为而引发争议。

What is Depreciation ? Accumulated depreciation is the total depreciation for a fixed asset that has been charged to expense since that asset was acquired and made available for use. The intent behind doing so is to approximately match the revenue or other benefits generated by the asset to its cost over its useful life Types of Depreciation ? 1.Straight-Line  It reports an equal depreciation expense each year throughout the entire useful life of the asset until the entire asset is depreciated to its salvage value.   2. Declining Balance This method where assets are depreciated at a higher rate in the initial years than in the subsequent years. Under this method, a constant depreciation rate is applied to an asset’s (declining) book value each year.   3. Double-Declining Balance  This method is an approach to accounting that involves depreciating certain assets at twice the rate outlined under straight-line depreciation. This results in depreciation being the highest in the first year of ownership and declining over time.   4. Sum-of-the-Years’ Digits (SYD) Under the SYD method, the depreciation rate percentage for each year is calculated as the number of years in remaining asset life for the same year divided by the sum of remaining asset life every year through the asset’s life.   5. Units of Production This method requires an estimate of the total units an asset will produce over its useful life. Depreciation expense is then calculated per year based on the number of units produced.   What is Accumulated Depreciation ? Accumulated depreciation is the total depreciation for a fixed asset that has been charged to expense since that asset was acquired and made available for use. Presentation of Accumulated Depreciation Accumulated depreciation appears on the balance sheet as a reduction from the gross amount of fixed assets reported. It might be list in several accumulated depreciation accounts, one for each fixed asset type.