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PRIVATE LIMITED COMPANY What is Private Limited Company (Sdn. Bhd.) Private Limited Company is the popular choice among company owner for formation of company. Specialty about Private Limited Company is the creation of separate legal entity between owner and the company. In the absence of a dissolution by the Board of Directors or Shareholders of the Company, the Company may acquire property, incur debt, enter into contracts, file or receive legal proceedings on its behalf, and continue in existence in perpetuity. Advantages of starting a Private Limit Company in Malaysia Limited liability. Company owner assets are saved from company debts or loss. Foreign ownership. For the majority of company activity, foreign equity can own a corporate entity at 100%. Transferable shares. Directly can issue additional share to existing or new shareholder. Attractive tax rate. Low corporation tax rates are applied to Private Limited Companies. Reputation. In Malaysia, a limited corporation has greater credibility than other types of organizations.   What is required to form a Private Limited Company A unique company name. The firm name must be original and unheard of elsewhere. At least one shareholder. There must be a foreign or local individual or corporate entity. A resident director. A minimum of one director with a primary residence in Malaysia. A company secretary. The applicant must be a Malaysian citizen who meets the requirements. Address in Malaysia. A local registered business address (Company operation office address).   Steps to starting a Private Limited Company Name search. Performing a name search for a firm at SSM to see if the suggested company name is available. Company registration. Registering a company in Malaysia with assistance of licensed company secretary recognized by SSM. Opening a corporate bank account. In Malaysia, you can open a bank account with any local or foreign bank. Obtaining permits and licenses according to the business nature (Depending on the nature of your services and products, this may or may not apply to your firm). Obey the corporation tax filling requirement with licensed tax agent recognized under Inland Revenue Board (LHDN). Perform annual filling to government such as SSM Annual Return (AR), Financial Statement (FS).

債務 什么是债务 ？     债务是一方向另一方借的钱。在以债务为基础的金融安排中，借方获  得借款许可，条件是必须在以后的日期偿还借款，通常还要加上利息   Debt的种类 好账 坏账   好账vs.坏账 好账 – 良好的债务通常利率较低，你相信这些债务会随着时间的推移增值(房子、生意、教育)，帮助增加  你的信用记录，并且在你的预算之内。 坏账 – 坏账通常是利息较高的债务，没有增值资产(汽车、信用卡)的支持，在你的预算之外，会对你的  信用评分产生负面影响。  

Perlembagaan Syarikat Definisi Perlembagaan Syarikat? Dalam sebuah organisasi, perlembagaan syarikat mengandungi perihal berkaitan dengan syarikat, pemegang saham, pengarah, dan setiausaha syarikat. Ia adalah dokumen rasmi yang menggariskan peraturan bagi sebuah syarikat. Ia juga menggariskan interaksi antara entiti syarikat, pemiliknya, pengarah, dan individu penting lain. Perlembagaan syarikat adalah kontrak yang sah dari segi undangundang, selaras dengan Akta Syarikat 2016 dan mana-mana undang-undang yang berkenaan. Dengan mendaftarkan perniagaan baru, perlembagaan syarikat harus dipertimbangkan dengan teliti. Apabila perlembagaan baru diadopsi atau perubahan pada perlembagaan telah dibuat, resolusi yang diambil oleh pemegang saham syarikat harus diluluskan supaya perubahan tersebut diiktiraf secara rasmi. Kepentingan Perlembagaan Syarikat. Kontrak antara syarikat dan lembaga pengarah syarikat. Status peribadi pemegang saham syarikat tidak terjejas oleh undang-undang syarikat. Sebarang klausa dalam perlembagaan yang boleh memberikan hak-hak peribadi mungkin tidak dikuatkuasakan oleh pemegang saham.   Apa yang termaktub dalam Perlembagaan Syarikat Malaysia? Pelantikan lembaga pengarah syarikat Pemeriksaan buku dan rekod berkanun syarikat Mesyuarat agung tahunan dan mesyuarat agung luar biasa Isu berkaitan dengan saham dan dividen syarikat Jenis syarikat Saham & sijil saham Perpindahan saham Dividen Mesyuarat ahli lembaga pengarah Hak mengundi semasa mesyuarat Gaji Pengarah Dokumen rasmi syarikat Percanggahan kepentingan Kuasa dan tanggungjawab pengarah Kuasa dan tanggungjawab setiausaha syarikat Ganti rugi Fasiliti pinjaman pemegang saham   Hak Pemegang Saham Menurut Perlembagaan Syarikat Malaysia. Perlembagaan menetapkan garis panduan tentang bagaimana sebuah syarikat akan diuruskan. Syarikat yang tidak mempunyai perlembagaan harus bergantung kepada Akta Syarikat 2016 untuk menentukan hak, tanggungjawab, dan obligasi setiap pemegang saham. Pemegang saham tidak bertanggungjawab dan tidak terlibat untuk menguruskan perniagaan. Akta Syarikat 2016 menetapkan bahawa pemegang saham syarikat mempunyai beberapa kuasa.

DEBT What is Debt Debt is money borrowed by one party from another. In a debt-based financial arrangement, the borrowing party gets permission to borrow money under the condition that it must be paid back at a later date, usually with interest.   Types of Debt Good debts Bad debts   Good debt vs. Bad debt Good debt – typically has a lower interest rate, something you believe will grow in value over time (house, business, education), helps increase your credit history and is within your budget. Bad debt –  typically higher interest debt, not backed by a value increasing asset (automobile, credit cards), unplanned within your budget and can negatively impact your credit score.  

公司章程 什么是公司章程？ 在组织中，章程决定了与公司、股东、董事和公司秘书有关的关键细节。它是一份具有法律效应的正式文件，具体概述了管理公司的法规。它还概述了公司、其所有者、董事和其他重要个人之间的互动关系。公司章程是公司董事会之间具有法律约束力的合同，符合《2016年公司法》和其他适用法律。通过注册一个新公司，必须仔细考虑公司的章程。当采用新的法律条文或对其进行修改时，必须通过公司股东的同意，才能够使这些修改的条文正式生效。 公司章程的重要性 公司和董事会之间的合同 公司股东的个人地位不受其法律的影响。 章程中任何赋予个人权利的条款，都不得由股东强制执行。   公司章程中包括哪些内容？ 随时查阅公司的会议记录 召开年度大会和特别大会 任何与公司股份和分红有关的问题 公司的类型 股份和股票 股份的转让 股息 董事会成员的会议 会议期间的投票权 董事的薪酬 公司正式文件 利益冲突 董事的权力和责任 公司秘书的权力和责任 赔偿金 股东的贷款机制   根据公司章程，股东拥有的权利。 马来西亚公司章程中规定了如何治理公司的准则。 没有章程的公司必须完全的跟随《2016年公司法》来决定每个股东的权利、责任和义务。 股东不负责、也不参与公司的日常管理。 《2016年公司法》明确规定，公司的股东有一定的权力。

CONSTITUTION What is a Company Constitution? In organizations, constitution determine crucial details related to the company, its shareholders, directors, and company secretary. It is a formal document outlining the regulations governing a company. It also outlines the interactions between the corporation, its owners, directors, and other significant individuals. The company’s constitution is a legally binding contract between board of company, within compliance with the Companies Act and any other applicable laws. By registering a new business, the company’s constitution must be carefully taken into account. When a new constitution is adopted or a change to the constitution has been made, a resolution made by the shareholders of the company must be passed in order for such changes to officially take effect. Importance of a Company Constitution Contract between the firm and board of the Company. The personal status of a company’s shareholders is thus unaffected by its laws. Any clauses in a constitution that could grant personal rights may not be enforced by a shareholder.   What is Included in a Malaysian Company’s Constitution? Appointments of board of Company Inspections of the company’s books Annual general and extraordinary general meetings Issues related to the company’s shares and dividends Type of company Shares & share certificates Transfer of shares Dividends Meetings of the members of the board of directors Voting rights during meetings Director Remuneration Official company documents Conflict of interests Powers and responsibilities of directors Powers and responsibilities of a company secretary Indemnities Shareholders’ loan facility   Rights of Shareholders According to a Malaysian Company’s Constitution. A guideline for how a Malaysian corporation is to be governed are laid out in its constitution. Companies without a constitution must rely on the Companies Act to determine the rights, responsibilities, and obligations of each shareholder. Shareholders are not responsible for the management of the business on a daily basis, nor are they involved. The Companies Act does specify that a company’s shareholders have some authority.